Professional Qualification Syllabus

SECTION NAME SYLLABUS KAPLAN (CHAPTERS) BPP (CHAPTERS) A FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONÂ  The nature and purpose of financial managementFinancial objectives and therelationship with corporate strategyStakeholders and impact oncorporate objectivesFinancial and other objectives in not-for-profit organisationThe financial management functionFinancial management and financial objectivesB FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ENVIROMENTThe economic environment forbusinessThe nature and role of financial markets and institutionsThe nature and role of moneyMarketsThe economic environment for businessFinancial markets and the treasury functionThe economic environment for businessFinancial markets, money markets and institutionsC WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENTThe nature, elements andimportance of working capitalManagement of inventories, accounts receivable, accounts payable and cashDetermining working capital needs and funding strategiesWorking capital management8. WCM (Inventory control)WCM (Accounts receivable and payable)10.WCM (Cash and funding strategies)Workin g capitalManaging working capitalWorking capital financeD INVESTMENT APPRAISALInvestment appraisal techniquesAllowing for inflation and taxation in DCFAdjusting for risk and uncertainty in investment appraisalSpecific investment decisions (Lease or buy; asset replacement; capital rationing)Basic investment appraisal techniquesDiscounted cash flow techniquesFurther aspects of discounted cash flowsInvestment appraisal under uncertaintyAsset investment decisions and capital rationingInvestment decisionsInvestment appraisal using DCF methodsAllowing for inflation and taxation10. Project appraisal and riskSpecific investment decisionsE BUSINESS FINANCESources of and raising business financeEstimating the cost of capitalSources of finance and their relative costsCapital structure theories and practical considerationsFinance for small and medium sized entities (SMEs)Sources of finance16. Dividend policyFinancial ratiosThe cost of capitalCapital structureSources of financeDividend policyGea ring and capital structureThe cost of capitalCapital structure

Possibility of a terrorist attack is real in any nation in the world

Possibility of a terrorist attack is real in any nation in the world more so in the United States and all other nation that seem to support our policies. Though this country has been a victim in the past we may not be in a position to guarantee that we can not be stricken again, it can happen anytime as the terrorist have been known to strike at the least expected time and in the least expected places.I will be quick to point out that in the recent future there has been a trend as far as terrorist attacks are concerned. They have been targeting specific places with the most prone areas being the crowded areas. Their aim is to cause as much panic as possible. In the previous terror attacks lives has been lost and massive destruction of property witnessed in all these instances.There have been growing fears that terrorist might strike key economic infrastructures in this country. This has caused great fear as such an attack could bring cascading and social impacts. In this paper I will describe a hypothetical nuclear terrorist attack giving a clear analysis on its effect on various aspects of American systems.Nuclear attack has never been a comfortable subject in America, it is feared that such a thing would inflict damage that has never been witnessed in the American history. The fact remains that such an attack is possible in the American soil and the perpetrators of such an attack would be aiming to strike in an areas where they would cause the greatest damage ever having the kind of effects never seen before. The infrastructure in the picture would be one which carries a big number of people at one particular time; in this case I will assume an airport would be the key target.At one given time there are beehive activities in the key airports in the country. Many people are traveling from one point to the other not forgetting that there are others who are permanently located in such a facility either as workers of a particular airline or even there to provide security for the passengers. The point is that the human traffic is always high. (Allison, G 2005)If such an attack occurred ,it would be at the least expected time, though our country security systems have the mechanisms to detect terrorist intention and prevent them before they occur they are not always hundred percent accurate, therefore at times they might miss some of the details.The attack given its nature would have catastrophic effects a whole airport might be destroyed as a result of the blast and fires; this would not spare the adjacent infrastrucres also. Deaths would be as a result of either as a result of the fire or due to the radiation poisoning that would occur given the nature of the attack.The effects of such an attack would be devastating both in the short term and long time. The deaths that would occur from such a catastrophic incidence would be many given the target and the type of weapon that have been used. Nuclear weapons are very dangerous as they have very lethal effects not only on a short term period but also in the future due to the radioactive materials involved. It would pose a danger for those who were directly involved in the accident and also those who would come in to help in the evacuation process.It is a kind of a situation that many would not want to imagine can happen in our country but given that nuclear technology is available in the so called the rogue states such an attack can occur in our soil. Evacuation would not just be a simple process since the chemicals involved are very dangerous, it would require some specialized equipment to avoid contamination of those involved. Such equipment does not come cheaply therefore the cost involved in the process would be high meaning this would have some serious economic implications in the future.The massive destruction of property would occur meaning the important infrastructure would be destroyed paralyzing the entire operations of the airport and its adjacent premises. This would eventually affect the economic activities in the area and beyond since transport and other activities would be affected. Terror attacks bring some very unpleasant effects on those affected.The terrorist intention is to make the targets psychologically tormented if not physically injured, nuclear terrorist attack would have even more effects given it nature, the effects would be long term as the chemicals involved are very dangerous, it would affect those who were present at the time of the incidence and also those who were not there and may come into contact with the radioactive rays emitted during the attack. (Leventhal, P and Yonah, A 1986)The security systems of this country would be largely be affected knowing that such an attack would be hard to tackle as it might be impossible to send army to fight nuclear terrorists given that most of them are well organized groups which are sponsored by the rogue states. It would bring new challenges as far as war on terror is concerne d.This might not be unexpected but it poses a serious threat on our security system. They need to be up to the challenge, since they have concentrated too much energy fighting other type of terrorism such that much resource has not been used to address such an issue.The system would have to prepare itself enough to meet the challenges posed b y this type of the welfare. They have to come up with the strategy to detect and prevent such a catastrophic attack in future.A terrorist if this magnitude occurring in our country would definitely mean that our security system has been lapse as they were not able to detect it early. Given it nature which would require a lot of preparation before hand making it easy for the security personnel to smell a rat and take the necessary action.The fact that it has occurred may most likely indicate that much was not done or some of them were involved. This would call for a serious mitigation measures to be taken so as to prevent such an attack in the f uture and if possible or as it should be, thorough security checks as provided by the law carried out to avoid such a disaster.

Egg Supply Chain

In a few weeks you will start seeing quite a few sales on eggs. Why? Eggs are one of the main staples in the Easter holiday tradition. Everyone gets together the night before Easter and colors their eggs a wide range of colors to put in their Easter baskets for the Easter Bunny to hide. An egg seems like such a simple food item, very few people ever wonder what all had to happen in order for them to be able to buy their eggs from the grocery store. If there were suddenly no eggs to color for Easter I am sure everyone would then want to know. If it even possible to think that the grocery stores would have no eggs? The answer is yes! In order for that carton of eggs to be on the shelf of the store it must travel the supply chain. A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. Egg would seem like such a simple product that there really couldn’t be that much to the supply chain given that the chicken lays the eggs, the farmers puts them in cartons and a truck delivers them to the store. Eggs don’t go through processing like most other food products but still there can be a lot to them depending on what type of eggs you buy and where from. Many people still get theirs from the grocery stores but a rising trend is to purchase them farmers markets or directly from the farmer. Going directly to the farmer for your eggs is becoming more popular because people want to know where their food is coming from and want to know that the animals are not being mistreated or given hormones. In order to discuss the supply chain for eggs one must first ask the questions,Which came first the egg or the chicken? When you attempt to do a supply chain for eggs this is without a doubt the first question you would need to ask. Did the farmer get the egg first and then hatch the chickens to lay more eggs to sell or did he get the chicken first who then laid the eggs? For this paper we are going to assume that the chicken came first. So the first step in the egg supply chain is the hatchery no matter where you get your eggs the process started in the hatchery. Due to the rising trend of going straight to farmer for goods, we are going to look at the supply chain for eggs purchased directly from the farmer. Also this is how I get my eggs so I thought it would be more interesting, of course the eggs I get come from my aunt so there is not much to them aside from the gas used to drive to her farm and pick them up. Her chicks came from a friend who raised chickens but for those farmers who do not have friends or neighbors who raise chickens they would go to a hatchery. Hatcheries are found all over. There are quite a few in Ohio alone, a major one is found in the Cincinnati area. Once the farmer gets his peeps from the hatchery they are placed in a chicken coup which has access to a pasture for the chickens to graze. Chickens eat a wide variety of things but mostly are fed corn or other vegetables already found on the farm. Chickens that are allowed to graze produce better quality eggs due to the fact that they get more nutrients from the ground than those chickens raised in cages. The next step in the supply chain once you have the chickens and they lay the eggs is to gather and package them for sale. Eggs are usually gathered on a plastic tray and then washed and sanitized then stored in a refrigerator. Many co-op farms that you buy from have you bring your own container for your eggs, this saves them money and also the environment if you reuse the same carton. Most people just bring a carton from store bought eggs. The egg carton was invented in 1911 to help keep a farmer’s eggs from breaking while delivering. Egg cartons come in a variety of forms from Styrofoam to molded pulp and paper. You can even buy plastic storage containers for eggs that can reused again and again. One of major suppliers of egg cartons to small farms is a company called Eggcartons. com. They do not produce the egg cartons themselves but rather buy them in large quantity then sell in smaller quantity to farmers. Once the eggs are packaged they are ready for sale whether to a local farmer market or directly to the customer who visits the farm. Farm raised eggs there seems to not be too much competition out there. Very few farms do this and the ones that do are spaced a good ways apart, also the fact that the small farms cannot produce as much as the bigger companies limits them on what they can sell anyhow. The only major issue that could impact the supply chain for a local farmer is to lose his chickens or for them to fall ill and not be able to produce enough eggs to meet demand. Some interesting facts on eggs are according to National Egg Producer Organization ( I am not making this up, the group exists) Ohio is the number 2 egg producer in the United States, second to only Iowa. In 2008, over 209. 1 million cases of eggs were produced in the United States and of that 209. 1 million 68 million cases (32. 2%) were further processed (for foodservice, manufacturing, retail and export); 121. 7 million cases (58. 2%) went on to retail; 18 million cases (9%) went for foodservices use; and 1. 4 million (0. 7%) were exported. (http://www. unitedegg. org/useggindustry_generalstats. aspx) The Supply Chain Diagram {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame}

Ford motor company Form 10-K review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ford motor company Form 10-K review - Essay Example The paper involves the requirements of the types of segments to be reported on the annual financial statements.This Statement needs that a public business enterprise to give a detailed report on the measure of the segment profit or loss, specific expense items and revenue, and the segment assets. The statement also requires the reconciliations of the entire total segment assets, segment revenues, total segment profit or loss, and additional amounts disclosed for the segments to which correspond to the amounts in the entire company’s financial statements. The statement also require that public company’s give a descriptive report on the information concerning the revenues resulting from the company’s products, services etc. , about countries where the enterprise do earn revenues and also possess assets, and the statement also require a list of major customers.

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes Essay

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes - Essay Example Lawrence Hill through his writing techniques makes it very easy for our reading even as the heroine, Aminata Diallo is stolen from her small African village as a young girl and forced to cross the â€Å"big river†, while having to keep up with the harsh cruelty of travel through slave ship, being sold to sugarcane plantation owners in South Carolina and again being re-sold, while having her beloved husband on yet another plantation. Aminata’s husband risks his life and visits her quite often. While travelling to Nova Scotia, Aminata dreams of her child and her wishes of returning home to Africa one day. In her map, Aminata only sees Africa as composed of various wild animals including elephants and monkeys and women who are bare-breast. With her brave resistance, her skills in midwifery, reading and writing abilities and a steadfast desire to stay alive, Aminata finds the name of her homeland and travels there, finally making her last voyage to England, where she uses h er life story as a sign to empower people against slave trade. In this book, Lawrence Hill uses the title of his book â€Å"Someone Knows my name† to create a long lasting impression in the minds of his audience on the effects of slavery and how young and brave female persons resisted oppression. The story underscores a story of a female slave called Aminata and her painful journey through life and how she undergoes a series of name changing identifying circumstances just to stay afloat during the slavery days. In this book, Lawrence emphasizes that names are truly the beginning of a life’s long journey, it is what a person refers you by and it is applicable to someone’s life in very many different ways. Although names can also be common and bear significance to a certain aspect of life, the name in which Lawrence has chosen in his novel of places, people, objects and cultures bear a very practical relevance as regards to how a person perceives the other during an initial encounter. Names have a contributing factor on a pers on’s character and personality. The importance of names has been displayed in the novel by the various characters and personality characteristics that the author has provided to the characters. More importantly, Aminata comes out as a strong character in displaying the significance of names towards resistance against oppression. At the beginning of the story, the author describes how Aminata was captured into slave trade only to part of the resistance at later years joining the Black loyalists in their final journey to Nova Scotia, then a decade later she is still one of the thousands of Black loyalists in the Black-Africa movement who made their way into Sierra Leone. Initially, as a very young girl she rejects her father’s intentions to teach her in reading Koran. Later in her captivity, the spirit of determination is reinforced in her by observing Fanta’s rebellious behaviors, who acts as a yard stick for her determination and foundation for future involvemen ts in resistance. Her spirit of resistance grows stronger as Bilton also convinces her in organizing shipboard revolution. Although the revolt fails and many people are killed, Amanita and others survive this revolution by sheer force of will. At the same time, the doctor attempts to rape Amanita during Atlantic crossing, but she resists and able to discourage him by threatening him using spiritual retribution saying, â€Å"Don’t do that, or my father will return from the dead to

Cannabis and Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cannabis and Marijuana - Essay Example Although marijuana can be beneficial in the treatment of ailments like glaucoma, cancer, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and also chronic pain, researchers like Jacques-Joseph Moreau have discovered that marijuana has numerous harmful effects on the brain and the functions of the human central nervous system. Usage of cannabis hinders movement and memory in the brain. Chemicals in marijuana, especially THC and cannabinoids directly alter the emotions, memory and function of a user's brain and central nervous system. Marijuana changes to brain function and behavior by impinging on the central nervous and attaching its elements to the neurons in the brain, thereby interfering with the natural communication between the brain's neurons. This interference causes the nerves to alter their normal behavior. For instance, after using cannabis, a nerve that was supposed to enable a person to retrieve short-term memory, tends to act do the opposite, because of the cannabinoids receptors. Thus, if a person has to recall his recent activities, maybe his activities during the last 5 minutes ago, that person will have a lot of trouble accomplishing this, if he has taken a high dose of cannabis/marijuana. Cannabis contains about 400 chemicals, and about 60 of them are known to be cannabinoids, that are psychoactive compounds that are produced inside the human body and brain after cannabis is metabolized. "Cannabinoids is known to be the active ingredient in marijuana, and "the most psychoactive cannabinoids ch emical in marijuana that has the biggest impact on the brain is THC (tetrahydrocannibol). tetrahydrocannibol is the main active ingredient in marijuana because it affects the brain by binding to and activating specific receptors, known as cannabinoid receptors. "These receptors control memory, thought, concentration, time and depth, and coordinated movement." (J. Bartholomew, S. Holroyd, and T. M Heffernan 2010) When a person uses cannabis and his or her memory is affected, the short-term memory will be triggered first, as marijuana damages short-term memory as a result of the fact that the element tetrahydrocannibol interferes with the processing of information by an area of the brain called the hippocampus, which is responsible for the proper formation of memory. "One region of the brain that contains a lot of tetrahydrocannibol receptors is the hippocampus, which processes memory. Hippocampus is the part of the brain that is important for memory, learning, and the integration of sensory experiences with emotions and motivation. It also converts information into short-term memory. As a steroid, tetrahydrocannibol also acts on the hippocampus and inhibits memory retrieval. tetrahydrocannibol also alters the way in which sensory information is interpreted. When tetrahydrocannibol attaches to receptors in the hippocampus, it weakness the short-term memory, and damages the nerve cells by creat ing structural changes to the hippocampus region of the brain. When a user has a high dose of marijuana, new information does not register into their brain and this may be lost from memory and they are not able to retrieve new information for more than a few minutes. There is also a decrease in the activity of nerve cells." (M. Yucel, N.

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business law - Assignment Example In the instance where the hotel may try to disclaim liability through posters that deny responsibility for loss of belongings by guests, they are simply trying to gain extra protection than that allowed under the law. In this case, hotels may lose protection against liability under state law while being held liable for loss by the guest (Sherry & Sherry, 2011: p105). In this case, Gullies Hotel provided a notice that limited its liability for items left in the rooms. However, the liability limit must be posted in a conspicuous place for the guest to read (Sherry & Sherry, 2011: p107). Gullies Hotel posted their liability limitation behind Freda’s door, and it is not clear if this is conspicuous place. UK statutes state that where a hotel provides for safe deposit boxes and notifies guests of the box by posting conspicuous notices notifying the guests of their presence. If the guests do not deposit their cash, jewelry, and other valuables in the boxes, the hotel cannot be held liable for the loss. ... Therefore, Freda cannot claim any liability from the hotel since it was through her negligence that she did not deposit her valuables with their safe deposit box. Q#2 The doctrine of precedent is defined as a policy that the courts that must abide by principles that were established in earlier cases and their decisions (Duxbury, 2008: p76). In The UK and the US, Common Law has adhered, traditionally, to precedents that were set in earlier cases as law sources. The doctrine of precedent distinguishes civil law systems from common law while giving extra weight to scholarly opinions and codes of law to explain them. Under this doctrine, when a court answers a specific question, this question in other cases that are similar must also elicit a similar response. This applies for the same courts or lower courts in the particular jurisdiction (Duxbury, 2008: p76). The doctrine of precedent has not always been applied with similar strictness. In medieval England, courts that dealt with common law looked for guidance from earlier cases, although they could not reject the ones that were considered to be bad law (Duxbury, 2008: p77). The courts also applied incomplete reliance on decisions made earlier since there were no written judgments. Official reports of court hearings started to be made in the United States in the early 1800s while this happened in 1865, in England. Finally, judges and lawyers got direct access to these rulings and were able to interpret their decisions more accurately. In order for the doctrine to be effective, all the jurisdictions need a higher court to declare the precedent-setting case in law. In the US, the Supreme Court acts as a

Reflections in the Facebook Mirror (Ball), In Defense of Masks Essay

Reflections in the Facebook Mirror (Ball), In Defense of Masks (Gergen) - Essay Example ple to reveal their personalities through their decryptions regarding their political and religious views for example (Lee, New York Times 26 June 2010). Gergen asserts that although Polonius has good intentions, and that his advice falls under society’s accepted religious and moral code of behavior, his intentions are based on bad psychology (Gergen p.172). Kenneth Gergen disputes classical psychology that human beings are capable of relying on one basic form of self to which they can remain truthful to. He alludes to Shakespeare’s Hamlet play. In the play, Polonius advises his son Laertes, to remain true to himself and as a result, his son would not be in crisis with other people There have been a wide range of opinions on the use of masks in the social context, with others impressed while others are irritated by the notion. Erik Erikson, a prominent father of thinking in psychology, was of the opinion that human beings are imposed on masks by the society, which results in them feeling alienated and depressed. Erik Erikson suggests that as grownups, people are phased with challenges throughout the 8 stages of life-trust mistrust, autonomy v shame and doubt, initiative v guilt, industry v inferiority, role confusion v ego/identity, intimacy v isolation, self-absorption v generativity, integrity v despair. For example, during the intimacy v isolation stage, parents begin to put pressure on their children to get married and some people enter marriages out of obligation or to confer to the social norms of society (mask) and they experience feelings of depression and alienation as a result. He is critical of the above criteria citing the fact that human beings are usually unable to develop a coherent sense of identity and those that try to do so, invariably develop in most instances, adverse emotional effects. Gergen together with the help of his colleagues, attempted to challenge this belief by conducting a series of studies with the purpose of discovering

My Childhood in Budapest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Childhood in Budapest - Essay Example Because my mom and dad were interested in art, they enjoyed going there because of the Museum of Fine Arts and the Palace of Art, both of which were located nearby. It was probably going to these places so many times that sparked my own interest in artistic works. I may not have followed the career path of an artist, but I do enjoy making some sketches whenever I can. Another reason why Heroes’ Square is so special to me is that I first became accustomed to water at the Szà ©chenyi thermal baths. It took a little while to get used to the water, which was warm due to hot springs. The Danube Promenade was another area that I used to frequent quite a lot growing up in Budapest. My parents mostly liked to enjoy a coffee at one of the many cafes located alongside the river, but I preferred to enjoy the view of the water. One memory that I have in particular is me trying to outrun boats while I was on the sidewalk. Occasionally my parents would be so kind as to purchase a tram ticket so that we could all see the stunning views of the river winding through the city. Perhaps the most significant memory of my childhood was visiting the Buda Castle because of the history and tradition associated with this building. Although I was young and could not understand the context, I knew that his castle was an important part of Hungarian culture, and as a young Hungarian, it was my duty to learn about its history. The architecture was extremely detailed; however, the statues of mythical creatures freaked me out somewhat due to their ghastly appearance. The castle looked especially fantastic at night, and there was one occasion on my birthday where I remember witnessing the stunning views of the castle at night. Even though I have rarely been back to Budapest since I left, the city still holds a special place in my heart because I feel that I have connections there that are both physical and emotional.  

The Tylenol Murders, Ch. 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tylenol Murders, Ch. 2 - Essay Example All through the period of Tylenol murder case trial, company maintained constant communication across its different public, displaying innate honesty, ethical considerations and concern for the welfare of the people at large. It disseminated critical information regarding the Tylenol capsules and projected a credible image of ethical and responsible behavior. The company had addressed the critical issue of Tylenol murder that would have affected the performance of the company and significantly impacted its credibility amongst the various stakeholders. In the case, two types of public were involved. The internal public consisted of management and workforce and the external public comprised of various stakeholders and shareholders, users of company’s products, distributors, media and all those who were directly or indirectly impacted by the product. The timely communication to the public by the chairman was vital factor that helped to inculcate confidence and trust amongst them. His assurance to the public regarding fair investigation and withdrawal of the lot from the market was highly effective way to boost company’s falling credibility amongst its various public. ... It had the desired affect and company triumphed over the crisis without any adverse impact on its market. Tools used in PR The company had used different tools of public relation. Public relation briefing was constantly used to announce important information regarding company’s position with regard to the product, extra-strength Tylenol capsules that was used in the murder case. Indeed, publicly acknowledging that cyanide was used in its premises was an important step that helped establish its credibility in tough times and highlighted its transparent way of functioning in the eyes of its various stakeholders. The company also removed its advertisement of the product and announced reward for killers through widespread advertisements. It also issued warning to doctors, hospitals and distributors about the Tylenol capsules. Media, in different formats, has a powerful influence on the public at large. Using media is therefore essential part of effective public relation exercise ( Wilcox & Cameron, 2009). The company had also exploited media’s potential when the Chairman, Burke appeared on the investigative new program and effectively communicated company’s stance on the issue and the steps taken by it. The PR tools helped to forge closer bonds with its investors and various stakeholders, including customers. The periodic press releases were essential part of PR exercises that maintained constant communication with the public and kept them updated with the Tylenol murder case and the company’s role in facilitating investigation. The risk of bad publicity can have huge long term ramifications on company’s future and adversely impact its credibility and market (Sietel, 2007). But Johnson & Johnson was able to change public

Evidence based in nursing Essay Example for Free

Evidence based in nursing Essay Evidence based in nursing Introduction Literature search            The topic I searched on was management of brain injuries. The main purpose of this research was to ascertain what literature stated on how to monitor and treat a patient to curb post traumatic seizures, which are brought about due to limitation of amount of oxygen that goes to the brain. This causes excessive release of excitory neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the brain’s metabolic needs, that raises pressure within the intercranial space. Unfiltered Evidence            The unfiltered article that I came across had important information in it. It had three authors namely; James W. Y. Chen, Robert L. Ruff and Roland Eavey. It had 21 references in it, â€Å"Post traumatic epilepsy and treatment.† I found it in the Wiley online library database. It clearly defined the whole post traumatic epilepsy symptoms, diagnosis and physiotherapy practices involved in treating it. This article was very useful as it gave a clear highlight on how to go about the nursing process of post-traumatic seizures. However, this did not show the research and advances that have been made in diagnosing and treatment of the condition. Filtered Evidence            Filtering of articles was critically hectic and cumbersome. I discovered informative articles on post traumatic seizures diagnosis, treatment and care. However, most of them were obsolete and did not show clear progress in current research and health advances towards dealing with brain injury associated epilepsy. I succeeded in getting present day ideas when I used the online Harvey/ John Hay Whitney medical library tool. I got 20 results from the search. Despite most of them being outdated, I managed to find a relevant one which was talking about the advances and treatment administered to the epileptic patients. It had a broad variety of the whole process and it had a lot of information. The article I found was in synopsis form (Fulton, John F. and Ralph W. Gerard, 2014). Critically Appraised Topics            When I used the AHRQ database I collected 173 searches on head injury post traumatic seizures. It was very wide thus difficult to obtain the information required. It was comprised of all other neural based injuries like the spines making it difficult to come up with a clear article on post traumatic epilepsy. The nearest article that I came across was on â€Å"Nerve and Brain Conditions.† Systematic Reviews            It was the most effective tool that I used and its results were very easy to internalize. I found an article in the Pubmed database that showed the way forward in dealing with head injury traumas in a comprehensive context and I liked it a lot. I dealt with the symptoms, diagnosis and medications, and therapeutics used in dealing with the post trauma epilepsy. (Dalmady Zasler, 2014) Useful Tip            In order for one to have a complete literature research, the most sufficient way to go about it as I learnt from this assignment, is by using more than one database when searching for a specific topic. Another way is that, with the higher you go the more broad the evidence you get in a distinct hierarchical order. References Dalmady-Israel, C., Zasler, N. (n.d.). Post-traumatic seizures: A critical review. Brain Injury, 263-273. Retrieved December 9, 2014.Tsao, J. (2012). Traumatic brain injury a clinicians guide to diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. New York: Springer. Source document

War of Talent in Globalization Essay Example for Free

War of Talent in Globalization Essay Today, with a number of changes taking place in the world, one thing has become a clear reality that countries have changed their policies and criterion because of increasing waves of international competition. Talent hunt on the international scale is something almost every single nation, especially the developed world, is conscious of. The competition to hunt talent for the local economy is so remarkable that countries like Germany, famous for its tradition phobia for immigration, have shown inclination to attract foreign people to their country. Moreover, countries like China and Korea have started working in the same direction. Australia and Canada can be placed in the first row of the race, though. This hunt for talent has become very swift in the present times though it is not something new. According to David (2006) around 70% professionals working in science and engineering department of U. S. are natives of non-OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. Additionally, a great portion of expatriate professionals that come to the OECD are from developing countries. About half of the total students in OECD countries are from the developing world. It is estimated that almost in every 10 tertiary educated grown-ups, who was born in the developing world, was living in U. S. Australia, Canada, or Western Europe in the year 2001. As shown by studies of World Bank and IMF, there is high correlation between talented people with sound education and legal migration. The rate of legal educated migrants is 4% higher now than it was ten years ago (37% and 33% respectively). Moreover, highly-skilled workers’ migration is another portion of the pie that is picked by the developed world. For examples, around 600,000 highly-skilled professionals work outside their native country, at any given moment, on temporary visas. The number of students (both men and women) studying at graduate and under-graduate level abroad has also almost doubled now (1. 6 million) as compared to 20 years ago. This is all because global climate for economic warfare has changed. For example, according to World Bank’s development research group’s director L. Alan Winters, worldwide migration of people to the OECD countries is to life up overall welfare of the world. If these countries increase migration by 3%, the world welfare would grow by 150 billion dollars which would be a much better gain than removing all kinds of restrictions on trade activities; and highly skilled workers come in the most affective category of this increase in migration . According to the author such terms as brain drain, war for talent should be discarded by the entire world because there is a more positive approach that the entire world can take of such programs as high-skilled migration (HSM), because by such programs all the countries can mutually benefit from exchange of knowledge. Although it is right that less developed countries are more at stake of loss by programs like HSM, the world should create an environment where positive-sum can benefit all. What is a point of regression here to the present writer is that either is it the label of HSM or war for talent, one thing is quite clear that developed countries are attracting professionals to their lands for their own good. Then, I must ask, how is it possible to abandon such terms as represent the situation clearly? One more disagreement that I would raise here is that David (2006) has provided the current picture of what is happening in the world regarding talent, how, then, can it be rational to be only imagine that the more powerful countries would initiate efforts by which developing world can benefit? Although this is right to bring ideas about how the world should be but staying away from reality is more dangerous. For example, the writer himself presents the case of Africa and Caribbean where educational system and health care have been hollowed out. Therefore, to me war of talent hold absolutely good in today’s context of globalization and should be referred to wherever necessary.

An Analysis Of Romantic Opera Drama Essay

An Analysis Of Romantic Opera Drama Essay The Romantic Era was a period in music in which there was much change during the 1850s to the 1920s in the theory and compositional practice of music. The composers wrote their pieces with more artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity than the artists of the classical era and this caused the melody to become the more dominant feature in the songs composed. Some popular composers that originated out of this era are: Robert Schumann, Franz Schubert, Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin, and Richard Wagner. For inspiration, many Romantic composers turned to visual arts, poetry, drama and literature, and to nature itself. These influences led composers to express emotion in their music. These changes in the sound of the music came in the form of the increased use of dissonance and the extended use of chromatics. Although Romantic era music contained classical era roots, the instruments used in the Romantic era were changing and brass and woodwind instruments were being improved in the quality of sound, as well as in how they were played. Some Romantic era composers used their compositions to express nationalism by the way of incorporating elements unique to their native cultures, such as folk songs, dances, and legendary histories. Mikhail Glinka is an example of a composer who wrote operas specifically on Russian subjects. Many great operas derived from the Romantic era including Gaetano Donizettis Lucia di Lammermoor, as well as Gioachino Rossinis The Barber of Seville. Opera was very dominant in Italy where the operas differed from the operas of the classical era because the form of the pieces were being changed by having the tenors given the heroic lead in operas and by giving the chorus a more important lead than before. Gioachino Rossini was the first composer to initiate an opera in the Romantic era, which started in the early 19th century. His first piece, La Cambiale di Matrimonio, included scenes where the characters expressed emotion through the lyrics of their songs. This was a comedic opera that was the first of its kind which was written in 1810. Many great composers followed Rossini including Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Giuseppe Verdi. These composers continued to change the way operas were being written as well as preformed. These changes were evident in Verdis first success ful opera, Nabucco, which the general public found interesting because of its great choruses. Verdi also continued to express nationalism in his operas, Va, pensiero, which was interpreted as giving meaning to the struggle for Italian independence and Verdi was expressing his hope to unify Italy. By the end of the Romantic era, opera had become a combination of many art forms including the theatre, dance and orchestra oriented music. Although opera was predominant in Italy, many other European composers were contributing to the changes in the music of their generation, including German composer Richard Wagner. Richard Wagner was born on May 22, 1813 in Leipzig, Germany where he had a difficult childhood. Wagners father died of typhus six months after Richards birth which led his mother Johanna Rosine Wagner, to begin living with the actor and playwright Ludwig Geyer, who had been a friend of Richards father up until his death. Richards mother then proceeded to marry Ludwig Geyer and they moved the family to Dresden. It is here where Wagner started his musical learning. Richard first took interest in his step fathers love for the theatre and performance arts and he played an angel in a play at a local theatre. When he was seven, Wagner was enrolled at Pastor Wetzels school at Possendorf, near Dresden, where he received some piano instruction from his Latin teacher. A year later his stepfather died which led the ei ght year old Wagner to attend the Kreuz Grammar School in Dresden. Although Richard was largely a self taught musician he persuaded his family to allow him to take music lessons. From 1828-1831 Wagner completed his first lessons in composition with Christian Gottlieb Mà ¼ller and by the time he was fifteen he had already written his first play. Wagners focus on drama is one of the reasons his operas really shined as being different than operas of the classical era. He enrolled at the University of Leipzig in 1831 where Wagner further took composition lessons from Christian Theodor Weinlig who refused to let Richard pay for the lessons he was giving him. Weinlig was so impressed with Wagners talents that he arranged for one of Wagners piano works to be published. Wagner continued his studies in music and he completed his first opera when he was twenty years old called Die Feen. This opera would not be produced until half a century later when it was premiered in Munich shortly after his death in 1883. Around the time he wrote his first opera, Wagner married the actress Minna Planer, who he moved to Riga with where he became the music director of the local opera house. His relationship with his wife was a troubled one in that she left him once for another man, but came back to him before they moved to Paris due to fleeing from tremendous debt. In 1862 he returned to Germany, where he moved in with Ludwig II. After the success of his opera, Tristan und Isolde, he decided to do more traveling around Europe where he created such classics as Siegfried and Gà ¶tterdà ¤mmerung. Towards the end of his life Wagner decided to settle in Italy where wrote his final opera, Parsifal. Parsifal was first preformed at the Bayreuth festival which occurred at the opera house in which Wagner himself funded. After the second Bayreuth festival the Wagners decided to take a trip to Venice in the winter of 1883. It is here where Richard Wagner passed away due to a heart attack. In his long musical career Wagner created thirteen operas including the most notable Rienzi, Der fliegende Hollà ¤nde, Tristan und Isolde, and Der Ring des Nibelungen. It was clear that Wagner was changing the way operas were being preformed, and he continued to push the music further into the Romantic era by viewing operas as total art works.

BEETHOVEN :: essays research papers

Ludwig Van Beethoven Born to a drunkard father and an unhappy mother, the young Beethoven was subjected to a brutal training in music at the hands of his father, who hoped that the boy would prove to be another prodigy like Mozart. Failing in this, the young Beethoven nevertheless embraced music and studied for a short time in 1792 with Franz Joseph Haydn in Vienna. Hailed as a genius and a master of improvisation at the piano, Beethoven soon made a name for himself, and by 1794 was known throughout Europe. He faithfully learned the Classical Viennese styles and traditions in music, and then proceeded throughout his career to completely revolutionize them. His earliest compositions reflect the classical restraint of Haydn and Mozart, yet there were always flashes of what was to come. The emotion he displayed while playing his own music was unheard of in his day, and the fiery intensity of his early Piano Sonata in C minor, known as the "Pathetique" is one of the first works in which Beethoven g ives vent to his own dramatic musical voice. By 1800, Beethoven had become aware of his advancing deafness -- surely a most horrible fate for a musician and unendurable to a composer. Agonizing over his fate, Beethoven contemplated suicide, but in the end embraced life, determined to go on composing, if no longer performing. Unhappy with his compositions up to that time and stating that he would now be "making a fresh start," Beethoven began composing music such as had never before been heard. His Symphony no. 3 in E-flat major, subtitle the "Eroica", was completed in 1804, and was almost twice as long as any symphony written up to that time. Taking the classical symphony as a starting point, it introduces more themes, more contrasts, more instruments, more weight and more drama than previously heard in the symphonic form. His sixteen string quartets span his creative life and developed from the classical restraint of the six "Early" quartets to the sublime late quartets which contain music of such personal pain and suffering, that one wonders if an audience was intended to hear them at all. The power of Beethoven's voice can be heard in the String Quartet no. 11 in F minor. Beethoven's musical ideas, the "themes" he used and from which he painstakingly constructed his works, were revolutionary for his day. The well-known opening motto theme of the famous Symphony no.

There are no Children Here Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alex Kotlowitz’s book, There are No Children Here, is a story about two boys, Pharoah and Lafeyette Rivers growing in the late 1980’s in Henry Horner, a housing project in Chicago. The boys try to retain their youth while they see constant gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dad struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfire there. They live in an overcrowded apartment with leaky facets, heating problems and animal carcasses in the basement. The boys’ mother, LaJoe, tries to keep them away from gangs and violence since her eldest children fell to the harsh reality of the neighborhood. The children constantly have to protect themselves from danger and quickly lost their childhood along the way. LaJoe even has to purchase burial insurance for her children because she fears the worst due to the severity of Horner. The boys find it difficult to have friends because most of the other children are involved in drugs and gangs. Pharoah desperately tries to cling to his innocence and is very conscientious in his studies. Unfortunately, Lafeyette made friends with a mischievous boy named Rickey and was lured into a gang. There are many problems in the neighborhood and even with LaJoe’s positive and upbeat attitude, she cannot move her family out of the projects. Luckily, Kotlowitz is able to fund the boys’ education to attend a private school. Even though this helps them receive a better education, they are still faced with other problems. The Ecological Theory is strongly related to the theme of family in violence in this novel. This theory examines how children develop based on the environment that his/her family resides. The development of a child is based on the interactions between their biology, family and community. To fully understand the development of Pharoah and Lafeyette, we have to understand the context in which they live: both their family environment and their global environment. By keeping them away from the violent subculture as much as she could, the less they were able to conform to the norm and resort to violence. According to this theory, external forces can influence the development of emotions. A child can mature a lot quicker when they are placed in an environmen... ...y other child but because of their environment, they have a different perspective on life. This book also made me realized that I should not take my life for granted. I think that many people, myself included, fail to realize that this type of poverty does not just exist in third world countries, they exist in America. I think that all people need to realize something like this either by reading a book or by becoming involved in volunteer work in that type of environment. We live with blinders on and for a change to occur, people need to become more aware of the problems others face. I have learned that children who are easily influenced by their peers may become gang members and involved in drugs. These kids who live in the projects are just kids and should not have to lose their childhood and innocence at such an early age. My increased knowledge on this topic makes me want to help these children. I am going to college to become a School Psychologist and I know the impact of this book will carry on with me in my career. I now feel that I have a better insight about the true problems that exist in this type of environment and will be better prepared if I will be working in it.

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Insanity and Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet and Insanity  Ã‚   The following five paragraphs will cover the point of: What is insainity? How does Hamlet tie in with insainity? What or who is the cause of insainity? While I try to overcome these questions to tackle the true answers, you will be thinking and deciding for yourself if Hamlet is "insane" or not. What does insainity? The Webster's New World Dictionary--Third College Edition defines it as "mentally ill or deranged; demented; mad; senseless." My defintion is not as cruel as the dictionary's definition. My opinion of someone that is insane is they don't necessarily have all of their marbles. The definition in the dictionary kind of explains my definition which is someone that is not paying close attention to those around them. The way people just throw the word insane aroud makes it seem as if it's not a real sickness. But the thing is that people don't realize that it's not something they should joke about. About three or four years ago, there was a song that was titled "Sane" and in one part they said, "...you're insane, got no brain..." So this little line in the song is also part of the true meaning of insainity. Is Hamlet crazy? I personally don't feel that Hamlet is crazy. I think that because the Queen didn't want to face her past with her first "true" husband, she labelled Hamlet as someone that is "mentally ill, or mad." When we had the discussion of what do we think about the topic of your parents paid one of your friends to talk to you to see if you're okay, I think we also covered some good points to defend both sides of the arguement. On one hand people were saying that what the Queen did was wrong because she shouldn't have someone to talk to her son but that she should do it for herself. And on the other side of the arguement, people were saying that they would talk to their friend for the parent but not if they were going to get paid. I don't think that Hamlet is crazy, I feel that he just needed to get his thoughts to gether because he was still trying to comprehend that fact that his mother got married to his uncle and she didn't even seem to care about what he felt. What is the cause of someone being insane or who?

Hr Policies of Nestle

HUMAN RESOURCE HR is dedicated to their employees, and ensures that they have all the right people with the right skills, in the right places at the right time. Understanding that their people are the bedrock of all their business strategies, it is their mandate to enhance their skills with cutting-edge training and provide them with world-standard facilities. WHAT THEY BELIEVE IN: They are a people company. Their people are their greatest strength, and nothing can be achieved without their commitment and energy. The Nestle DifferenceAt Nestle you'll find their self in a dynamic and invigorating environment, surrounded by people who are passionate about their work. You'll feel empathized to contribute to the company's business objectives and to achieve their own personal and professional goals. You and their colleagues shape and lead the organization – their energy is its greatest strength. Family ; Female-Friendly Organization: Diversity is central to the nature of their busi ness. As a global organization, Nestle caters to the needs of diverse consumers.This is only possible due to the diverse backgrounds and interests of their people and their firm commitment to embracing diversity at all levels. When they employ staff, they make a commitment to provide them with good working conditions. Female employees and their employees' families know that Nestle Pakistan has a friendly and caring attitude. They recently set up a day-care centre, and have established a comprehensive Maternity Benefits Scheme for their female employees. Total Competitive Remuneration:At Nestle you can be sure you'll get competitive and fair remuneration structures. Their remuneration is benchmarked against other organizations and surveyed on a regular basis to ensure that they remain competitive. Their pay and compensation strategy is tied to the achievement of their business objectives. This linkage helps us define a growth-oriented culture, making us the most preferred employer in the market. The benefits of working at Nestle go beyond the financial. Here, you'll find a structure to help you fulfill their ambitions and support their lives. Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial PoliciesGrowth: New employees are given responsibility at an early stage, and high performers can develop fast. Their international and multicultural working climate is conducive to creativity, innovation and personal development. And you'll get competitive working conditions, a compensation package and social benefits in line with their company's high standards. Here, you'll get the room to add value and make a real difference. If you're qualified and ready to confront new horizons, you'll have the chance for a truly international career. SAFETY AT WORKNestle is committed to being a leader in workplace safety and health. The Nestle Occupational Health and Safety Management System (NSMS) was revised in line with the 2007 edition of the international standard OHSAS 18001 and reissued to all Nestle operations, reinforcing our commitment that â€Å"Safety is non-negotiable†. They are also working towards external certification of our factories against OHSAS 18001. This will provide a common language around our health and safety management systems, and make it easier to demonstrate implementation of these standards to our stakeholders.The number of workplace injuries has been reduced. For example, in 2007 the number of injuries leading to one or more days away from work in Nestle decreased to almost one quarter of that seen in 2001. RECRUITMENT WHAT THEY LOOK FOR: It takes a special sort of person to come and work at Nestle Pakistan. That's why, when selecting candidates, they look for a set of interrelated characteristics encompassing three key areas: knowledge, personality and motivation. Professional Knowledge: Do you have a great academic record that demonstrates their intelligence, commitment and hard work?Can you show us you have a sharp analytical mind, and the drive necessary to succeed in a competitive environment? If you think you fit the bill, you may be right for Nestle Pakistan. They look for good academic results at university or equivalent qualifications. However, the class of the degree you have obtained, though very important, is not the only criterion for selection. Other experiences during their studies, previous jobs, assignments, language theses and any other significant extracurricular activities and achievements, are also given the right.They look for candidates who can identify a problem, analyze it, look at different options, and come to reasoned conclusions. They want people with drive and tenacity, energy and enthusiasm, who can initiate a project and follow through to the end. All these skills are vital during a career at Nestle Pakistan. Internships: Internships are a great way to apply the knowledge and skills you are developing at university and get experience in a leading corporation.They offer project-based internship positions in various departments at Nestle Pakistan. You may be hired as an intern at various points during their academic career: duri ng undergraduate study or graduate school. Most internship assignments are offered during the summer months and generally run for 6 to 8 weeks. At the end of the internship you will be required to submit a project or program report to the company on the topic assigned to you at the beginning of the internship program.If you impress us with their talent & hard work, you may be considered for employment opportunities after you have completed their studies. Work/Life Balance: At Nestle they believe that the employee’s private and professional life should have a good balance. Not only because it reinforces employee’s satisfaction, loyalty and enhances Productivity but also because it positively reflects on the Company’s reputation. It helps attracting and retaining people and reconciles economical imperatives with they’ll being.Nestle is willing to support employees who wish to take an active part in the life of the community or by assuming responsibilities i n professional, civic, cultural, religious or voluntary organizations it being understood that any activity during working theirs be first approved by the Company. In the same spirit, Nestle provides flexible working Conditions whenever possible and provides its employees to have interests and motivations outside work. Relationship with Suppliers Nestle aims to deal only with reputable suppliers who are willing to apply Nestle quality standards.Supplier relationships are benchmarked and evaluated with the objective of striving for continued improvement in the areas of quality, service, etc. As a relationship between a supplier and Nestle strengthens and progresses, it may evolve into one of preferred supplier status. Key suppliers with which Nestle has a contractual relationship are audited in order to ensure that they comply with the  Nestle  Corporate Business Principles  or that they are working actively to achieve compliance. Whenever instances of non-compliance are brough t to the Company’s attention, Nestle will demand that corrective measures be initiated.Nestle personnel will maintain the highest standards of integrity and professional competence in all business relationships. Sanctions will be applied in the event of misconduct or abuse of established corporate standards and guidelines. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Learning: Learning is part of the Company culture. Each employee, at all levels, is conscious of the need to upgrade continuously her/his knowledge and skills. The willingness to learn is therefore a non-negotiable condition to be employed by Nestle. First and foremost, training is done on-the-job.Guiding and coaching is part of the responsibility of each manager and it is crucial to make each one progress in her/his position. When formal training programs are organized they should be purpose oriented and designed to improve relevant skills and competencies. Therefore they are proposed in the framework of individual development pro grams. As a consequence, Attending: A program should never be considered as a reward. Adequate training programs are developed at the level of each operating company capitalizing on the availability of local, regional or global resource of the Group.It is the responsibility of HR staff to assist the management in the elaboration of training programs. Great importance will be attached to programs enhancing the language skills of the employees. Training programs organized at the International Training Centre Rive-Reine aim at developing and sharing best practices of the various management disciplines practiced in the Group. They also strive to strengthen corporate cohesion as they’ll as to promote networking throughout the Group. Training programs should, as much as possible, be based on action learning and reduce ex-cathedra teaching to the strict minimum.It is necessary to make optimal use of e-learning programs as a complement to or a substitute for formal training programs. According to needs they should be made available at shop floor level and enlarge the access to training. It is the role of each manager to assess progress achieved as a result of training Programs. Assessing and Developing each employee is in charge of her/his own professional development. However, the Company endeavors to offer the opportunity to progress for those having the determination and the potential to develop their capabilities.

Inference vs Assumption assignment

Inference vs. assumption Contrast between fact or perception â€Å"Inference is a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning, assumption is a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof, the action of taking or beginning to take power or responsibility' (dictionary. Com) had many inferences in my life about myself and others. Both with equal list and sometimes without knowing it. I am always the worry wart in my family. Always thinking what if I did this or this could go wrong.Taking as simple as quiz can often overwhelm me for days till whatever the event is over. As one of my inference was not passing my Aptitude Physical Fitness Test (APT). I always have doubt that would not pass. As in the end result I have passed. Always have that doubt. As some may know in the military perception is everything. Many will make any reasoning either truth or not perception is always there. Overhearing a group talking about another pregnant Soldier as they have conclude that she has conceived from another Soldier but is married.Not giving in to their very conclusion I had some curious to know about what is fact. Have indeed it was untrue the married Soldier was her boyfriend's friend (who was not in the military') to have keep an eye on her for his friends sake. There was times when would be watching or doing my studies in my room while my husband would be in the living room watching a game. Hearing them cheer and talking loudly inferred them to happy that their team scored or won. As it was said â€Å"we simply cannot legitimately assume what we seek to establish† (Kate Mosses).Many inference we all go through whether we intentionally doing it or not. For myself even without intention I did (well almost) about the pregnant Soldier. As it was wrong to conclude what was not true without the facts. Improper inference may as well be an assumption. To conclude my entry, is we seem to proceed our assumption without hard facts or evi dence more on perspective in what we see on the outside. As the saying goes â€Å"don't judge Reference Dictionary. Com Kate Moss, Logic an Introduction, 2011 a book by it's cove'.

My Ideal Class Essay

Lots of people will say this when ask them what can help you learn better or what is your ideal class â€Å"no teachers to teach us and we can use our phones whenever we want, we can just chill and sleep.† However, students never think about the consequences of that. Everyone in our class are going to have a lot problems, so we must need our great teacher to help us. My ideal study environment would be somewhere quiet and comfortable where I have all my materials I need on hand. but I do like to have some kind of relaxing background noise because I can’t stand sitting in silence. Usually the best time to study for me is on class, because I can learn a lot of things by listening to what the teacher says. I would like to have between ten to fifteen students in all my classrooms. That is because the less the students, the more time the teacher can help all students individually. This will help me be a better students, with smaller classrooms students will have the chance to communicate with every student in the class and I will also learn more. My personal learning style is online researching and it works really well for me. My personal learning style works out very well for me with my study habits because it involves a lot of typing and somehow I think typing is A LOT better than writing. If all of our homework can be hand in by using computer will be best for me.

Elephant Man †Otherness Essay Essay

In Victorian London, Dr. Frederick Treves with the London Hospital comes across a circus sideshow attraction run by a man named Bytes called â€Å"The Elephant Man†. In actuality, the creature on display is indeed a man, twenty-one year old John Merrick who has several physical deformities, including an oversized and disfigured skull, and oversized and disfigured right shoulder. Brutish Bytes, his â€Å"owner†, only wants whatever he can get economically by presenting Merrick as a freak. Treves manages to bring Merrick under his care at the hospital – not without several of its own obstacles, including being questioned by those in authority since Merrick cannot be cured. Treves initially believes Bytes’ assertion that mute Merrick is an imbecile, but ultimately learns that Merrick can speak and is a well-read and articulate man. As news of Merrick hits the London newspapers, he becomes a celebrated curiosity amongst London’s upper class, including with Mrs. Kendal, a famed actress. Despite treated much more humanely, the question becomes whether Treves’ actions are a further exploitation of Merrick. And as Merrick becomes more famous, others try to get their two-cents worth from who still remains a curiosity and a freak to most, including to Bytes, who has since lost his meal ticket. The movie is loosely based on the real story of Joseph Merrick, known as â€Å"The Elephant Man†, who was thought to have suffered from elephantiasis and was perceived as being abnormal and different because of it. As portrayed in the movie, â€Å"The Elephant Man† was not classifyed as human but inhuman; a stranger to most. But who establishes what abnormal is? Do humans really believe they have that power? The Elephant Man† is just another example of someone different. To me he isn’t a monster, just misunderstood, and to label him like that suggest that there’s something within him that makes him less human that the rest of us. What I found hard to grasp was trying to understaning what lies in the concept of being abnormal in order to have an idea of what being no rmal means. I mean the notion of â€Å"us† suggests that there must be a majority to differ from; a range of normality that constitutes the abnormal. But who decides who’s normal and who’s not? What is normal anyways? I mean all it does is overrule, distort, and oppress everything that cannot meet it’s certain demands and qualifications. I rather be anything BUT normal. The main reason â€Å"The Elephan Man† was shund out of society was because of his physical features and â€Å"deformities†. But why should a physical difference come to mark a psychological one? In the movie the audience/spectators come to represent normality or the unit of ‘us’, standing in opposition to John Merrick. Because of his difference they see fit to classify themselves as ‘normal’ and different from him. And in a way they are. You see, unlike them, Merrick was highly capable of civilized behaviour. The characteristics of his physical appearance are not regarded as simple features but as deformities, as abnormal, even monstrous. Why do the spectators react so strongly towards something they find not to resemble themselves? Why do they, the unit of normality, need to point out that he is being different while they get to be normal? Why does the representation of normality feel an urge to define itself through what it is not? I believe that the process of othering in the movie could be explained by the simple idea that we don’t know what we are. I mean it seems that there is an infinity of things we could be as human beings, so why does society try and control something it has no power over? Is it affraid of what we can achieve, or does it not want us to achieve in the first place? I mean in Merricks case he wasn’t really classified as either one thing or the other. Just†¦ abnormal. In our world those we find not to fit into our group are left as objects of either exclusion, repulsion, repression, oppression; or of a kind of fetishism which nonetheless seems to limit the object of obsession. In â€Å"The Elephant Man’s† case he was neither desier nor wanted but feard. No one wanted to be-firend him, love him, see what he was like or even just say the odd hello. He was a freak, a caged spectical for people to point and laugh at. Treves, a doctor at London Hospital, stumbles upon and discovers â€Å"The Elephant Man† at a circus sideshow attraction run by the cruel and repulise Bytes and appoints himself the his owner so that he could present him to the members of his medical society. He’s given many detailed, scientific examination before being returned to his owner, but, being subject to his frequent beatings, he falls ill and is hospitalized in secret where Treves works. Treves discovers that â€Å"The Elephant Man† can talk and begins to referred to him as John Merrick. When the director of the hospital warns to have Merrick removed, Treves helps him and he is given permission to stay. Merrick’s stay in the hospital is mentioned in the papers, and soon curiosity leads a famous actress to visit him. The London nobility follows and Queen Victoria herself takes an interest in Merrick and starts protecting him. However, Merrick is not safe: his former owner forces Merrick back on the road with him and brings him to France. The dwarves and other â€Å"freaks† of this show free Merrick from his abusive owner. After being freed Merrick finds his way back to England and collapses in a train station, chased by a mob attracted by his deformity. Treves brings Merrick back to the hospital, which is now his home, and an actress who earlier showed her interest in him arranges the most beautiful night of his life: an attendance to the theatre where she works. After this experience, Merrick deliberatedly goes to sleep while lying down, though he knows this will suffocate him because of his condition. He dies in his sleep. From being â€Å"The Elephant Man† he’s turned into John Merrick, both characters who held the ability to frighten and horrify people by his mere look. In his appearance people recognize their own humanity, but apparently a distorted humanity. As the movie goes along, John Merrick is quietly humanized. He was dressed up, called upon by name (not nickname) and given conditions allowing him to show creativity. He read poetry, went to theatres, and drank tea like a true Englishman, you might say. Indeed, the monster more and more resembles a well taught pet. The recognition of Merrick as a human being, the terrible necessity to identify with this deformed edition of a human, makes us turn him into a monster; something we do to make the identification less obvious. It leads us to conclude that he is not human. He cannot be human, and if he is human, than he must be dumb, as the doctor assures his colleague. The doctor in this way removes Merrick from the field of humanity all over again. The doctor bases his notion of humanity on the presence of intellect, while according to the public it has to do with physical features. By saying this, the doctor distances Merrick from him just as the public does; there is only a small difference of procedure. But when Merrick starts talking and reciting the Bible he suddenly he belongs to our race again? How that makes sense, i’ll never know. Maybe, locked up behind the face of a monster, rests a human being. Reading Merriam-Webster dictionary defination of ‘normal’ it’s interesting to note how normality is also given a physical and mental connotation. And because of that we can therefore see how visible factors that differentiate an individual make him or her a possible target of othering.

Anti-cataract Activity of Abies Pindrow & Luffa Cylindrica

Anti-cataract Activity of Abies Pindrow Luffa Cylindrica â€Å"Evaluation of in-vitro anti-cataract activity of Abies pindrow P

Exam question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Exam question - Coursework Example p-k encryption is more protected from cryptanalysis than conventional encryption. However, the security of any system depends on key length and the computational work engaged in breaking the cipher. In addition, the p-k encryption has superseded single key encryption. This is unlikely because of the increased processing power required . For conventional encryption, the same key is used for encryption and decryption. This means that it is feasible to develop a cryptographic system that relies on one key for encryption and a different key that is related for decryption. Additionally, these algorithms have the following important characteristics such as it is computationally infeasible to find out the decryption key when provided with only the knowledge of the algorithm and the encryption key. In addition to this some algorithms such as RSA, exhibits the following characteristics: Either of the two related keys can be used for encryption, while the other can also be used for decryption. 2. The implementation of a â€Å"covert channel† is a popular technique for subverting security safeguards. Two approaches to this method involve implementing â€Å"storage† or â€Å"timing† channels. Describe how such channels could be implemented in an actual system, and suggest ways in which the presence of such channels can be detected. Computers originally are made to ease the exchange of information. Latest information technology infrastructure has the central computers main framework ,while others do not develop into a personal computer. Additionally, the information revolve around and is opened in new avenues of IT ( Kim & Solomon, 2012).. This has also opened new possibilities for crimes. The attackers take advantage and use these opportunities to have passwords and therefore have the access to information and create disastrous effects on such networks and computers. For example: The nature of the computers has changed over the recent years..

Environmental lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental lab - Assignment Example In comparisons of the two in terms of energy potential, nuclear produces 10100 energy from an equivalent 1 kg of both. Therefore, there is no doubt nuclear potential is very impressive, but the two have got environmental impacts that needs thorough consideration (Caldicott, 2007). For this research, the main methodology for data collection was animation from MUSE lab. After login, data was collected in accordance with the time changes along the time frame. The data on the quantity of carbon, sulphur, amount of both uranium and coal needed, and accident associated with each are recorded for analysis. From the gathered data, it can be seen that large quantity of Coal is burn than uranium and at the same time carbon dioxide emission is higher when using coal. Sulphur pollution lacks in nuclear plants. Very little is produced as waste in the nuclear plant whole year through while when using coal massive waste is produced (Neeb, 1997). When it comes to accidents, nuclear plants have put in place tight measures in order to reduce accidents as much as possible. Mostly, reaction of uranium is very severe and leads to the production of high energy. As a result, nuclear power is proving to be more sustainable though its safety is still questionable (GiereÃŒ  & Stille,

Systems Programming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems Programming - Essay Example One thing that a any user will notice immediately with Windows 8 is that the ‘boot up’ will be significantly faster - perhaps as much as one-third. This is because the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) processor start-up code that has been used (in various forms) since the advent of usable IBM-architecture PCs, has been replaced by the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) executable, developed by Intel from 1998 onwards (and made open-source by Intel in 2005), when it became apparent that BIOS would no longer be up to the job. The underlying support for the execution of processes and threads is, according to O’Brien, [Engadget Online Magazine. Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8 share lots of code, NT kernel. Terrence OBrien. Jun 20th, 2012. (Accessed 17th March 2013) (Online). the same as with Windows NT, as this basic architecture has been retained with Windows 8, although it is inferred form a consensus of the available sources that the detailed ‘code’ that implements these functions has been radically changed - whether for the better will have to be seen as Windows 8 beds in. As well as the memory management functionality previously incorporated into previous versions of Windows, and retained in Windows 8, the following new memory management features have been incorporated, both to promote better memory management and to improve information security. The exception Handler has been removed. Apparently, a lot of malware and root kits were using the Exception Handler to get into Windows and damage applications and extract data. The implication is that Microsoft’s developers have introduced an operating system procedure that does the same job as an exception handler, but works on radically different principles. states in his online article that Microsoft has been very ‘cagey’ about the specific security features that have been built into the Windows 8 kernel - which is hardly

WP2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WP2 - Essay Example On the other hand, critics of science assert that technologies such as genetic engineering are threat to humanity and contravene societal values and morality, thus creating a tussle between science and society. In Trusting the Future? Ethics of Human Genetic Modification (Op-Ed), Stephanie Saulter explores the extent to which the modern society can trust the future for making the right decision about human genetic modification (Saulter 1). The implication is that the current society attaches too many ethical concerns for genetic engineering of humans though there has been a tremendous success in assisted reproduction and Mitochondria replacements. Saulter argues that the current taboo-driven objection to using technology to promote diversity is unjustified because of the possibility of the human race depending on this technology to maintain its existence and avoid extinction of certain genetic attributes. The topic is about genetic modification of altering human genes to improve our fragile health. The article focused on reproductive and genetic medicine whereby mothers with high risk of genetic disorder through natural conception are given invitro fertilization or pre-implantation tissue to address the defect. This eradicates mitochondrial diseases by replacing the mothers faulty mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) with healthy mDNA from a donor egg and in effect having a third DNA in the reproduction which cause a debate for its propriety. Even though many societies are resistant to technological advancements in the field of medicine, the technologies remain crucial part of survival technique of the human race. This paper explores Saulter’s arguments and delves further to offer response to the main ideas discussed by the author. The article provides enough arguments to address the rhetorical question of what the modern society should consider ethical or not ethical.

MMM CO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MMM CO - Essay Example trust on the organization, increase the performance efficiency, grab the maximum market share and what strategies a company would implement to approach the customers. Internal drivers comprise of situations where the company is influenced to manage its profitability and retain its customers by applying various internal strategies. The internal drivers within an organization are centered to deliver: According to Michael Porter’s book, ‘Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance† published in 1985, the concept of Value Chain was first coined (Michael Porter). According to this concept, value chain comprise of the entire primary and the secondary activities within an organization that would help the firm to strengthen its position in the market as well as to improve its product or service efficiency within the market. At this stage, it is important for MMM & Co. to focus on all the activities of the organization that are related with the receiving and storing of the raw materials especially those products which are used by the company to produce the end products. The better the inbound logistic system of the company would be, the better would be quality of the products and the raw materials. MMM & Co. needs to focus its attention on the operations within the company that initiate from the manufacturing of the products which involves the receiving of the raw materials and end on the final production. Throughout the operations, the company is in dire need to maintain the flow of the operations smooth as well as, to maintain the control on all the steps. Outbound logistics play a key role in getting the finish products to the customers. It revolves around the handling and shipping of the products from one place to another. The smooth flow of outbound logistics plays a crucial role in determining the profitability of the company. MMM & co. needs to focus its attention on this activity. Marketing and sales stand as the corner stone to

Textbook chapter summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Textbook chapter summary - Assignment Example If a party breaks a rule or goes against the contract then a legal action is taken against it and the effected party is provided with the remedies. These remedies are designed to compensate the damage or loss the party has bore. Both the parties should pursue these aspects of obligations and remedies formulated by the law, while making a contract. The main obligation of the contract is the tender of delivery according to which the lessee is bound to deliver the goods according to the contract. The time should be flexible for the delivery. A perfect tender rule is where the buyer is allowed to reject or accept the whole shipment or a part of it within a reasonable time. The buyer or lessee has a right to withhold the delivery or the payment if anyone of them is breaching the contract or the payment is not made in due time. Both can reclaim the supplies if needed according to some specific situations. Both have the right to recover the purchase price or the damages under specific condi tions. In case of lost or missing goods the lessee could sue for the recovery of lost profit. In chapter 19 the warranties and product liabilities and its implications are being discussed. A warranty made by the seller confirms the liability and the standard of his product. If it’s a food product then the warranty implies that the food is good for human consumption and the law implies it. The chapter talks about the language that should be used in order to claim the warranty or the product liability and the terms in which the claim is applicable. A noticeable point raised in the chapter is the fact that manufacturer’s responsibility of providing quality products to the customers does not end after distributing the product to retailers and wholesalers. Instead, manufacturers should monitor the selling technique of the retailers and wholesalers and ensure

Is the Kyoto Treaty a Success in Addressing the Rise in Greenhouse Gas Research Paper

Is the Kyoto Treaty a Success in Addressing the Rise in Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Research Paper Example Initially adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997, this treaty, however, has not yet been ratified by major countries and some other industrial countries like Canada have even withdrawn from the treaty. (The Guardian,). The lack of proper ratification and adoption of the treaty by major industrial nations have put serious doubts over the ability of the treaty to actually enforce protocols required to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions by countries which are responsible for most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. (Ross,95) Over a period of time, despite the fact that countries have been able to cut greenhouse emissions, the over general emission levels have increased. These trends have put serious questions over the ability of treaty to successfully control the greenhouse emissions from the major industrialized nations of the world. This paper will argue whether the Kyoto protocol was successful in controlling greenhouse emissions or not. Climate Change & Greenhouse Emis sions Over the period of time, scientific evidence emerged which suggested a climate change being caused by the way humans actually interact with their environment. The rapid industrialization witnessed by major developed countries during the 20th century is considered as one of the key reasons behind this climate change. With over 100 years of greenhouse emission, the overall ecosystem of the earth is believed to be out of balance and a clear need for reducing the emission was recognized in order to stabilize the earth’s environment. (Henson,15) During the 1990s, environmental issues became a strategic concern and for the first time, it was recognized that there is a clear need for putting into practice certain standards and efforts which can obligate industrial nations to actually reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The 1990s saw great diplomatic efforts to actually develop a comprehensive framework for industrialized nations to actually agree upon certain standards to r educe greenhouse emissions. These diplomatic efforts finally resulted in the development and introduction of what is now called the Kyoto protocol or the Kyoto treaty. (Grubb, Vrolijk, Brack, & Energy and Environmental Programme,54)

Health Development in Africa Essay Example for Free

Health Development in Africa Essay Throughout the world there is a growing concern about health as it is regarded as an essential part of the sustainable human development efforts. The growing importance of the health of the population is being highlighted in the economic circles, the foreign policy and the socio cultural settings. During the last 25 years, there has been drastic realization about health issues in the developing nations, which has given them hope of a better future for their children. Africa is one such region where poverty and hunger is widespread. This is the region where health care facilities are underdeveloped due to which many people face death. This paper, therefore, aims to devise and develop an essential health development policy, program and strategy for African region in order to eradicate the poverty. This forms the main thesis of the research paper (Mills, 1995). The role of health development has been gaining importance in the Africa and different countries are assisting the efforts by providing increased resources, which has put huge pressures on the weak health structure, organizational capabilities and workforce in one of the poorest regions of the country. There is a severe lack of planning and management of the health resources in this part of the world which has led to non- implementation of the health plans. The problem in the African region has been largely related to poverty, wars and conflicts, bad governance and non performance of health programs. This region also faces a huge virus of HIV and AIDS which increase the burden of disease (Loewenson, 1993). The domestic and international health polices for Africa have been drafted by international agreements of multiple countries which include Alma Ata Declaration of 1978, World Health Organizations Bamako Initiative in 1987 and Paris Declaration of 2005, and including many more. The famous Alma Ata, known as the birth of primary health care or PHC, aims to provide a comprehensive and affordable health plan by providing health facilities at the most basic level. However the PHC failed to achieve its targets due to lack of infrastructure and facilities, staff, civil wars, natural disasters and issues of bad governance and corruption. Later various new international policies were tried which included the structural adjustment plan of the World Bank which was based on loans, privatization and cost recovery, however it failed to deliver due to various reasons (Sikosana, 2009). The Bamako Initiative was launched in 1987 which was aimed at access to quality health care and tackle the scarcity of medicine by a number of balanced policies which were implement able and are the perfect health development plan for the impoverished region of Africa. Together with the World Bank 1993 report, both the policies aim at providing the healthcare at the grass root level in order to eradicate poverty (Mills, 1995). The recommendations include improving primary healthcare at all the levels in an equitable manner which should be available to all the people at any income level. Another recommendation includes the decentralization of the management of the PHC to the district level as oppose to the earlier practice which limited the control to few big hospitals which was the reason for corruption and bad governance. The government should ensure equity of fees charged at all levels which would ensure homogeneity of services to rich and poor alike. The government should be highly committed to maintain and expand the PHC program and all the national health policies should be inline to one standard policy. The government should also closely monitor the whole policy implementation process and ensure services to the poor. Sustainable effort should also be made to for poverty alleviation through education, gender equity, improved mother and child health programs and AIDS control programs. For the African health problems, the policymakers should make integrated national plans and strengthen the health systems by empowerment, equity and sustainability of the efforts. The public private partnership is also essential for the sustainability of the strategy (Sikosana, 2009).

Leadership Approach Paper Essay Example for Free

Leadership Approach Paper Essay Organizational behavior comes into play to aid management in enhancing their understanding of human behavior within organizations to better communicate, allocate resources, delegate tasks, plan, organize, direct, and control work activities. The main purpose of understanding organizational behavior is to increase leadership effectiveness, motivate workers, and inspire them to work toward a common objective. Although there are many leadership approaches, we will focus on the situational leadership approach. We will analyze the purpose, strengths and weaknesses of the situational leadership approach, and provide an example of how it can be applied to real situations. Situational Leadership Approach As it name suggests, the situational leadership approach states that leaders should use different approaches as situations change. In short, leaders should be flexible, embrace change as it comes, and be capable of adapting to it. The situational leadership approach is a model that was developed by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey in 1972. The theory states that leaders should match their leadership style to the maturity of followers and to the specific tasks on hand (Lerstrom, 2008). As people within organizations acquire more experience and become more knowledgeable about their job, leaders will need to adapt new leadership styles to keep these people motivated. According to May (2013) the core concept of the situational leadership approach is that â€Å"one size does not fit all†. The best leaders are not only those who have a vision, but â€Å"the most successful leaders are the ones who are able to adapt their leadership styles across a broad range of varying maturity levels readily present within the average organization (May, 2013). † Moreover, using the situational leadership approach suggests that leaders use a mix of other leadership approaches to be effective. According to Phatak (2012), â€Å"The philosophy of a leader should be flexible enough to adapt to situations and changing times. We need a mixture of transactional and transformational leadership techniques to get the job done. The basic idea behind this theory is that one must adapt strategy with changing conditions. † Strengths As mentioned earlier, situational leadership allows for more flexibility. As the world evolves, organizations have to make adjustments to survive. Tomasco (2013) states that with the situational leadership approach, leaders get the opportunity to adapt their leadership style to their followers’ needs. Consequently, as leaders effectively match their leadership style to situations and followers’ needs, work activities will run smoothly, interactions will be more successful, relationships will be built up, and followers will achieve optimum performance. Weaknesses Although the situational leadership approach appears to be the best course of action due to its flexibility, it has weaknesses that one cannot ignore. Phatak (2012) explains that constantly changing strategies with time, a leader will find it difficult to implement new strategies on the go. A long term vision may elude him due to constant changes. † Further, Wile (2013) identifies four weaknesses of the situational leadership approach which are confusion, leadership or management, outside factors, and perception. Indeed, followers may become confused as leaders change a newly implemented leadership strategy as a result of changing conditions. The situational leadership approach is often misconstrued with a management strategy to lead employees to achieve better outcomes. One cannot downplay the impact external factors have on organizations and organizational behavior. Leaders should demonstrate their ability to understand the organization’s external environment and to assess followers’ behavior to implement a leadership approach that will work. Finally, people within organizations have different perceptions and react differently in similar situations. Hence, the situational leadership approach may not give accurate predictions of followers’ behavior. Situational Leadership Approach in Real Life Alan Lerstrom from Luther College did a case study using the situational leadership approach in which he demonstrated how academic advisors can alter their leadership style based on students’ maturity as they advance higher in their studies. Lerstrom applied the Hersey and Blanchard’s model of situational leadership in the case study. The model suggests that effective leaders will adjust their leadership styles in accordance with changing situations and followers’ maturity. According to Lerstrom (2008), Jay, the student in the case study began showing signs of maturity as he better understood the major he wanted to pursue and classes he needed to enroll in. Also, Jay became more confident about his abilities, understood the requirements associated with his major, and was more willing to communicate with the advisor. â€Å"Situational leadership provide theoretical and practical tools that help advisors in understanding changes in the readiness levels of their students, and it suggests patterns for relating to students (Lerstrom, 2008, p. 7). † Conclusion Situational leadership is the approach that states that leaders must be flexible enough to adapt their leadership styles to changing situations, to specific tasks, and to organizational behavior. This study showed that although the situational leadership approach yields positive outcomes it has weaknesses. Thus, it is important to leverage the strengths of the approach to alleviate its weaknesses. For increased effectiveness, leaders will need to use organizational behavior research methods to better understand the situations at hand, their followers’ perceptions, and the organization’s internal and external environments. This method will provide guidance in applying the appropriate leadership style. References Lerstrom, A. C. Advising Jay: A Case Study Using a Situational Leadership Approach. NACADA Journal; Fall2008, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p21-27, 7p May, R. (2013). Basics of the Situational Leadership Model. Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/article/724/basics-of-the-situational-leade rship-model/ Phatak, O. (June 20, 2012). Pros and Cons of Leadership Theories.

Recrystallising acetanilide

Recrystallising acetanilide The aim of this experiment is to establish the most suitable solvent required for recrystallising acetanilide, and to exhibit the methods of vacuum filtration and recrystallisation. Experimental Method (for selection of a suitable solvent): Four solvents: dichloromethane, methylated sprits, petroleum ether and water were tested to see how appropriate they were for recrystallising acetanilide. Impure acetanilide (0.1g) was inserted into a small test tube and whilst continually shaking the test the solvent was added drop by drop. After 1cm3 of the solvent was added!!!!? the mixture was then heated till it was boiling using the water for the organic solvents bath in the fume cupboard once approximately 1mL of solvent had been added. As the acetanilide was dissolved the test tube was cooled to see whether recrystallisation occurred. The same method was repeated out for all four solvents. Experimental Method (for recrystallisation of acetanilide): Impure Acetanilide (4g) was weighed out using a rough balance into a conical flask (250mL). A suitable amount of the solvent from the previous method [water (1mL)] was used to wet the crystals. The mixture was then boiled gently, and more solvent was added until all the sold had dissolved. Using the filter paper obtained from the pre-heated funnel the boiling solution was filtered. This was done into a pre-heated container so that rapid cooling as avoided. The flask containing the hot solvent was covered and allowed to cool slowly. When a noticeable amount of solid had formed and the solution had cooled considerably, the solution was placed in an ice-bath to speed up the process. The filter paper was wet with the solvent then using vacuum filtration the crystals were separated from the rest of the solution. Using cold solvent (5mL approximately) the crystals were washed. The crystals were kept on the Bà ¼chner funnel until they were almost dry. The damp material was transferred to a labelled watch glass and then this was positioned into a vacuum oven of a set temperature lower than the melting of the pure solid. The dry purified product was weighed and packaged into a labelled plastic bag. Why I chose water for the larger scale recrystallisation: This is because when cooling, water out of the four solvents dissolved completely and the most crystals were formed. Also water is the most suitable solvent because it has the best polarity. The covalent bonding between an oxygen atom and two atoms of hydrogen form a water molecule. Atoms share electrons between these covalent bonds. The sharing of these electrons is not equal in water as the hydrogen atoms have a weaker attraction to the electrons than the oxygen atoms. Hence the distribution of charge in water is asymmetrical. Molecules are known as polar when they have ends with positive and partially negative charges. The reason for why water is able to dissolve a number is substances, is due to this polarity that enables water to separate polar solute molecules. Waters polarity makes gives it the property of being a good solvent. Water molecules surround polar or ionic compounds that enter water. One molecule of solute can be surrounded by many water molecules as the size of water is relatively small. The positive dipoles are attracted to negatively charged components of the solute and vice versa for the negative dipoles. The hydrogen bonds in water are always being formed and broken hence liquid water has a partially ordered structure. The high cohesiveness of water is due to the strong hydrogen bonds and this also results in high surface tension. This is why water remains together as drops when on a non-soluble plane. Additional reasons for why water was the most suitable solvent: i. It was cheap to use water as the solvent ii. When the water was boiled at a temperature below the acetanilide melting point. iii. At room temperature the acetanilide appeared to have low solubility when it was in water. iv. The water was also not toxic or flammable. v. When the acetanilide was heated to boiling in water it seemed to have high solubility. The main points in the procedure where the sample is lost: There are a number of ways in which the sample can be lost throughout the experiment: One of the reasons is whilst carrying out the practical some of our sample was spilt accidently by one of our neighbouring colleagues so our yield was less that what would have been expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample may have been lost during the transfer stages i.e. when the sample was transferred to the conical flask some of the sample may have remained in the weighing boat as it is unlikely you can get a 100% transfer. Further sample could have been lost when it was transferred from the conical flask to the Bà ¼chner funnel when washing the conical flask using distilled water. Furthermore, sample could have been lost by the transfer of sample from the Bà ¼chner funnel to the watch glass. Also when the crystals were transported into the glass plate as part of the sample may have got trapped to the pot and remained in the vacuum. When we used the filter paper to filter the acetanilide crystals some of the residue maybe have remained on the filter paper resulting in less sample.  · Why low boiling point solvent such as diethyl ether (BP: 35à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) or dichloromethane (BP: 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) are general les suitable for recrystallisation than higher boiling point solvents, such as water or ethanol, irrespective of their polarity: One of the technicians had said in the practical that Dichloromethane has an occupation explosive limit (OEL)..!!!. Both diethyl ether and dichloromethane are the best solvents to consider as they are both flammable which is a safety hazard. Dichloromethane (DCM) is not as suitable because it evaporates more readily at room temperature (due to its low boiling point) which does not allow time for the crystals to dissolve. Also the impure compound would not have enough time to dissolve as well as the DCM would evaporate before hand.  · Why the solubility of paracetamol in water is several times higher than that of acetanilide by looking at the structures: Because the paracetamol contains an OH group hence it makes it more polar than acetanilide so it dissolves more readily in water which is also polar. Conclusion: In conclusion, water was found to be the most suitable solvent to dissolve acetanilide out of the four solvents in investigation. The yield of crystals formed is greater with a larger scale of production.